Give a description of digitization process

** The digitization processes are as follows -

Video digitization : 

• To display analog video image on a computer monitor the "video digitization overlay board" should be installed. The main function of the board is to digitize the analog video input.
  
• A digitizer can display a full screen monitor video on monitor or store it in the hard disk for future play back.
  
• Computer graphics and title text can be mixed if described.
  
• Special video affects such as- Freezing, fades spins can be added.

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Describe 3 basic types of analog signals formats with quality and application

There are 3 basic types of analog signals formats with quality and application : 

• Composite
  
• S-video
  
• Component

Composite :

• Simplest
  
• Signal Channel connection
  
• Luminance (Luma) and color (Chrome ) signals are kept composite (mixed)
  
• Lowest quality
  
• Example use : Home video-VCR, TV etc.

S-Video : 

• 2 channel connection
  
• Luma and chrome signals remain separated
  
• Higher quality
  
• Example use : Industrial video, VCD etc.

Component :

• 3 channel connection
  
• Luma and 2 chroma PAL, NTSC signals remain separated
  
• Highest quality
  
• Example use : Industrial video, broadcast DVD.

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Why compression necessary? Name some popular video compression technique

** The development of compression standards is essential to the future of multimedia.
The need for compression is greatest with video.

Without compression , each frame of color video will require a storage space of 7.4 Mbits.Thus only about 22 seconds of full-motion(FSFM) video could be stored on a 600 MB optical disk.

To-play it backs would require a transfer rate of 22.1 Mbits, which for exceeds the available rate of 1.5 Mbits.

So, Compression is the key to resolving the discrepancies between requirements and reality.

Some popular video compression techniques are

• MPEG
  
• JPEG
  
• P*64
  
• Clear Video
  
• Real Video
  
• VDO Wave

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Write short notes on DVI?

DVI : Digital Video Interactive(DVI) technology originated at 1983. It supports two levels of compression for full-screen full-motion video.

• Real time Video (RTV) can be compressed and decompressed in real-time, thus allowing developers to edit their work interactively.
  
• Presentation Level Video (PLV) is an asymmetric technique for high-quality video. Digitization and compression are done by a large computer at a DVI compression facility. 

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Describe the variation of MPEG audio and video format

The variation of MPEG audio and video format :

• MPEG-1 basic quality Suitable for Web, CD-ROM, VC13 etc.
  
• MPEG-2 The principal feature of this that can provide high-quality video with a data rate of as small as 1 MB/sec Suitable for S-VC11, DVD, Digital broadcasting.
  
• MPEG-4 Streaming video on web and over wireless network. Supports multimedia interactivity.
  
• MPEG-7 This will not advance compression but will, enable sophisticated indexing and retrieval of multimedia content.
  
• MPEG-21- This is in the planning stages, is expected to create a complete structure for the management and use of digital assets, incorporating E-commerce capabilities that will make sharing creative products more commercially viable.

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What is difference betwen MPEG-1 systems and MPEG-2 systems?

Difference betwen MPEG-1 systems and MPEG-2 systems : 

MPEG-2 Systems mandated compatibility with MPEG-1 Systems. The MPEG-2 program stream is designed fir the purpose. MPEG-2 Systems also addresses error prone environments, and provides all the hooks for Conditional Access Systems.

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What is font?

Font : Font can be defined as a collection of alphabetical & numeric characters of similar or comparable profiles & which belong to a particular typeface family that is represented by a unique family name. The sizes of fonts can either adjustable or not, depending upon the nature of the font family.

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